579 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
579 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
<!--GITHUB
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page_title: Deploying a registry server
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page_description: Explains how to deploy a registry server
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page_keywords: registry, service, images, repository
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IGNORES-->
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# Deploying a registry server
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This section explains how to deploy a Docker Registry either privately
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for your own company or publicly for other users. For example, your company may
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require a private registry to support your continuous integration (CI) system as
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it builds new releases or test servers. Alternatively, your company may have a
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large number of products or services with images you wish to serve in a branded
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manner.
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Docker's public registry maintains a default `registry` image to assist you in the
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deployment process. This registry image is sufficient for running local tests
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but is insufficient for production. For production you should configure and
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build your own custom registry image from the `docker/distribution` code.
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>**Note**: The examples on this page were written and tested using Ubuntu 14.04.
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>If you are running Docker in a different OS, you may need to "translate"
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>the commands to meet the requirements of your own environment.
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## Simple example with the official image
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In this section, you create a container running Docker's official registry
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image. You push an image to, and then pull the same image from, this registry.
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This a good exercise for understanding the basic interactions a client has with
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a local registry.
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1. Install Docker.
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2. Run the `hello-world` image from the Docker public registry.
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$ docker run hello-world
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The `run` command automatically pulls a `hello-world` image from Docker's
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official images.
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3. Start a registry on your localhost.
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$ docker run -p 5000:5000 registry:2.0
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This starts a registry on your `DOCKER_HOST` running on port `5000`.
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3. List your images.
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$ docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
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registry 2.0 bbf0b6ffe923 3 days ago 545.1 MB
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golang 1.4 121a93c90463 5 days ago 514.9 MB
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hello-world latest e45a5af57b00 3 months ago 910 B
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Your list should include a `hello-world` image from the earlier run.
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4. Retag the `hello-world` image for your local repoistory.
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$ docker tag hello-world:latest localhost:5000/hello-mine:latest
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The command labels a `hello-world:latest` using a new tag in the
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`[REGISTRYHOST/]NAME[:TAG]` format. The `REGISTRYHOST` is this case is
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`localhost`. In a Mac OSX environment, you'd substitute `$(boot2docker
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ip):5000` for the `localhost`.
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5. List your new image.
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$ docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
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registry 2.0 bbf0b6ffe923 3 days ago 545.1 MB
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golang 1.4 121a93c90463 5 days ago 514.9 MB
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hello-world latest e45a5af57b00 3 months ago 910 B
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localhost:5000/hello-mine latest ef5a5gf57b01 3 months ago 910 B
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You should see your new image in your listing.
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6. Push this new image to your local registry.
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$ docker push localhost:5000/hello-mine:latest
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The push refers to a repository [localhost:5000/hello-mine] (len: 1)
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e45a5af57b00: Image already exists
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31cbccb51277: Image successfully pushed
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511136ea3c5a: Image already exists
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Digest: sha256:a1b13bc01783882434593119198938b9b9ef2bd32a0a246f16ac99b01383ef7a
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7. Use the `curl` command and the Docker Registry API v2 to list your
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image in the registry:
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$ curl -v -X GET http://localhost:5000/v2/hello-mine/tags/list
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* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
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* Trying 127.0.0.1...
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* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
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> GET /v2/hello-mine/tags/list HTTP/1.1
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> User-Agent: curl/7.35.0
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> Host: localhost:5000
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> Accept: */*
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>
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< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
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< Docker-Distribution-Api-Version: registry/2.0
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< Date: Sun, 12 Apr 2015 01:29:47 GMT
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< Content-Length: 40
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<
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{"name":"hello-mine","tags":["latest"]}
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* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
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You can also get this information by entering the
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`http://localhost:5000/v2/hello-mine/tags/list` address in your browser.
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8. Remove all the unused images from your local environment:
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$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -q -a )
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This command is for illustrative purposes; removing the image forces any `run`
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to pull from a registry rather than a local cache. If you run `docker images`
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after this you should not see any instance of `hello-world` or `hello-mine` in
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your images list.
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$ docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
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registry 2.0 bbf0b6ffe923 3 days ago 545.1 MB
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golang 1.4 121a93c90463 5 days ago 514.9 MB
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9. Try running `hello-mine`.
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$ docker run hello-mine
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Unable to find image 'hello-mine:latest' locally
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Pulling repository hello-mine
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FATA[0001] Error: image library/hello-mine:latest not found
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The `run` command fails because your new image doesn't exist in the Docker public
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registry.
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10. Now, try running the image but specifying the image's registry:
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$ docker run localhost:5000/hello-mine
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If you run `docker images` after this you'll fine a `hello-mine` instance.
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### Making Docker's official registry image production ready
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Docker's official image is for simple tests or debugging. Its configuration is
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unsuitable for most production instances. For example, any client with access to
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the server's IP can push and pull images to it. See the next section for
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information on making this image production ready.
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## Understand production deployment
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The Docker Registry 2.0 only accepts connections from a Docker client that is
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version 1.6.0 or newer. This means, for example, if you are deploying in a
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environment with 1.5.X clients you'll need to either upgrade them or deploy an
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older version of the Docker Registry to support them. For information on how to
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do this, see [Configure Nginx with a v1 and v2
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registry](#configure-nginx-with-a-v1-and-v2-registry) on this page.
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When deploying a registry for a production deployment you should consider these
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key factors:
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<table>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">
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backend storage
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</th>
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<td>
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Where should you store the images?
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">
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access and/or authentication
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</th>
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<td>
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Should users have full or controlled access? This can depend on whether
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you are serving images to the public or internally to your company only.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">
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debugging
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</th>
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<td>
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When problems or issues arise, do you have the means of solving them. Logs
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are useful as is reporting to see trends.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">
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caching
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</th>
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<td>
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Quickly retrieving images can be crucial if you are relying on images for
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tests, builds, or other automated systems.
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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You can configure your registry features to adjust for these factors. You do
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this by specifying options on the command line or, more typically, by writing a
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registry configuration file. The configuration file is in YAML format.
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Docker's official repository image is preconfigured using the following
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configuration file:
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```yaml
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version: 0.1
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log:
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level: debug
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fields:
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service: registry
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environment: development
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storage:
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cache:
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blobdescriptor: inmemory
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filesystem:
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rootdirectory: /tmp/registry-dev
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maintenance:
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uploadpurging:
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enabled: false
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http:
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addr: :5000
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secret: asecretforlocaldevelopment
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debug:
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addr: localhost:5001
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redis:
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addr: localhost:6379
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pool:
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maxidle: 16
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maxactive: 64
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idletimeout: 300s
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dialtimeout: 10ms
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readtimeout: 10ms
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writetimeout: 10ms
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notifications:
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endpoints:
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- name: local-8082
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url: http://localhost:5003/callback
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headers:
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Authorization: [Bearer <an example token>]
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timeout: 1s
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threshold: 10
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backoff: 1s
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disabled: true
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- name: local-8083
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url: http://localhost:8083/callback
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timeout: 1s
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threshold: 10
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backoff: 1s
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disabled: true
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```
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This configuration is very basic and you can see it would present some problems
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in a production environment. For example, the `http` section details the configuration for
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the HTTP server that hosts the registry. The server is not using even the most
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minimal transport layer security (TLS). Let's configure that in the next section.
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## Configure TLS on a registry server
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In this section, you configure TLS on the server to enable communication through
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the `https` protocol. Enabling TLS on the server is the minimum layer of
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security recommended for running a registry behind a corporate firewall. One way
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to do this is to build your own registry image.
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### Download the source and generate certificates
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1. [Download the registry
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source](https://github.com/docker/distribution/releases/tag/v2.0.0).
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Alternatively, use the `git clone` command if you are more comfortable with that.
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2. Unpack the the downloaded package into a local directory.
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The package creates a `distribution` directory.
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3. Change to the root of the new `distribution` directory.
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$ cd distribution
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4. Make a `certs` subdirectory.
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$ mkdir certs
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5. Use SSL to generate some self-signed certificates.
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$ openssl req \
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-newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout certs/domain.key \
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-x509 -days 365 -out certs/domain.crt
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This command prompts you for basic information it needs to create the certificates.
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6. List the contents of the `certs` directory.
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$ ls certs
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domain.crt domain.key
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When you build this container, the `certs` directory and its contents
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automatically get copied also.
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### Add TLS to the configuration
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The `distribution` repo includes sample registry configurations in the `cmd`
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subdirectory. In this section, you edit one of these configurations to add TLS
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support.
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1. Edit the `./cmd/registry/config.yml` file.
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$ vi ./cmd/registry/config.yml
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2. Locate the `http` block.
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http:
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addr: :5000
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secret: asecretforlocaldevelopment
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debug:
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addr: localhost:5001
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3. Add a `tls` block for the server's self-signed certificates:
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http:
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addr: :5000
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secret: asecretforlocaldevelopment
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debug:
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addr: localhost:5001
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tls:
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certificate: /go/src/github.com/docker/distribution/certs/domain.crt
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key: /go/src/github.com/docker/distribution/certs/domain.key
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You provide the paths to the certificates in the container. If you want
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two-way authentication across the layer, you can add an optional `clientcas`
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section.
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4. Save and close the file.
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### Build and run your registry image
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1. Build your registry image.
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$ docker build -t secure_registry .
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2. Run your new image.
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$ docker run -p 5000:5000 secure_registry:latest
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time="2015-04-12T03:06:18.616502588Z" level=info msg="endpoint local-8082 disabled, skipping" environment=development instance.id=bf33c9dc-2564-406b-97c3-6ee69dc20ec6 service=registry
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time="2015-04-12T03:06:18.617012948Z" level=info msg="endpoint local-8083 disabled, skipping" environment=development instance.id=bf33c9dc-2564-406b-97c3-6ee69dc20ec6 service=registry
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time="2015-04-12T03:06:18.617190113Z" level=info msg="using inmemory blob descriptor cache" environment=development instance.id=bf33c9dc-2564-406b-97c3-6ee69dc20ec6 service=registry
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time="2015-04-12T03:06:18.617349067Z" level=info msg="listening on :5000, tls" environment=development instance.id=bf33c9dc-2564-406b-97c3-6ee69dc20ec6 service=registry
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time="2015-04-12T03:06:18.628589577Z" level=info msg="debug server listening localhost:5001"
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2015/04/12 03:06:28 http: TLS handshake error from 172.17.42.1:44261: remote error: unknown certificate authority
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Watch the messages at startup. You should see that `tls` is running.
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3. Use `curl` to verify that you can connect over `https`.
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$ curl -v https://localhost:5000
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* Rebuilt URL to: https://localhost:5000/
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* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
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* Trying 127.0.0.1...
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* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
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* successfully set certificate verify locations:
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* CAfile: none
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CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
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* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
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* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
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* SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):
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* SSLv3, TLS alert, Server hello (2):
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* SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate
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* Closing connection 0
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curl: (60) SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate
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More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
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## Configure Nginx with a v1 and v2 registry
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This sections describes how to user `docker-compose` to run a combined version
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1 and version 2.0 registry behind an `nginx` proxy. The combined registry is
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accessed at `localhost:5000`. If a `docker` client has a version less than 1.6,
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Nginx will route its requests to the 1.0 registry. Requests from newer clients
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will route to the 2.0 registry.
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This procedure uses the same `distribution` directory you created in the last
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procedure. The directory includes an example `compose` configuration.
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### Install Docker Compose
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1. Open a new terminal on the host with your `distribution` directory.
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2. Get the `docker-compose` binary.
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$ sudo wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.1.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -O /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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This command installs the binary in the `/usr/local/bin` directory.
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3. Add executable permissions to the binary.
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$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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### Do some housekeeping
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1. Remove any previous images.
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$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -q -a )
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This step is a house keeping step. It prevents you from mistakenly picking up
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an old image as you work through this example.
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2. Edit the `distribution/cmd/registry/config.yml` file and remove the `tls` block.
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If you worked through the previous example, you'll have a `tls` block.
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4. Save any changes and close the file.
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### Configure SSL
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1. Change to the `distribution/contrib/compose/nginx` directory.
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This directory contains configuration files for Nginx and both registries.
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2. Use SSL to generate some self-signed certificates.
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$ openssl req \
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-newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout domain.key \
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-x509 -days 365 -out domain.crt
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This command prompts you for basic information it needs to create certificates.
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3. Edit the `Dockerfile`and add the following lines.
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COPY domain.crt /etc/nginx/domain.crt
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COPY domain.key /etc/nginx/domain.key
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When you are done, the file looks like the following.
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FROM nginx:1.7
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COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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COPY registry.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/registry.conf
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COPY docker-registry.conf /etc/nginx/docker-registry.conf
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COPY docker-registry-v2.conf /etc/nginx/docker-registry-v2.conf
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COPY domain.crt /etc/nginx/domain.crt
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COPY domain.key /etc/nginx/domain.key
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4. Save and close the `Dockerfile` file.
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5. Edit the `registry.conf` file and add the following configuration.
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ssl on;
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ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/domain.crt;
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/domain.key;
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This is an `nginx` configuration file.
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6. Save and close the `registry.conf` file.
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### Build and run
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1. Go up to the `distribution/contrib/compose` directory
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This directory includes a single `docker-compose.yml` configuration.
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nginx:
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build: "nginx"
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ports:
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- "5000:5000"
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links:
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- registryv1:registryv1
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- registryv2:registryv2
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registryv1:
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image: registry
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ports:
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- "5000"
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registryv2:
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build: "../../"
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ports:
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- "5000"
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This configuration builds a new `nginx` image as specified by the
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`nginx/Dockerfile` file. The 1.0 registry comes from Docker's official public
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image. Finally, the registry 2.0 image is built from the
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`distribution/Dockerfile` you've used previously.
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2. Get a registry 1.0 image.
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$ docker pull registry:0.9.1
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The Compose configuration looks for this image locally. If you don't do this
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step, later steps can fail.
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3. Build `nginx`, the registry 2.0 image, and
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$ docker-compose build
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registryv1 uses an image, skipping
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Building registryv2...
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Step 0 : FROM golang:1.4
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...
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Removing intermediate container 9f5f5068c3f3
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Step 4 : COPY docker-registry-v2.conf /etc/nginx/docker-registry-v2.conf
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---> 74acc70fa106
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Removing intermediate container edb84c2b40cb
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Successfully built 74acc70fa106
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The commmand outputs its progress until it completes.
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4. Start your configuration with compose.
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$ docker-compose up
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Recreating compose_registryv1_1...
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Recreating compose_registryv2_1...
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Recreating compose_nginx_1...
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Attaching to compose_registryv1_1, compose_registryv2_1, compose_nginx_1
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...
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5. In another terminal, display the running configuration.
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$ docker ps
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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a81ad2557702 compose_nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp compose_nginx_1
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0618437450dd compose_registryv2:latest "registry cmd/regist 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:32777->5000/tcp compose_registryv2_1
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aa82b1ed8e61 registry:latest "docker-registry" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:32776->5000/tcp compose_registryv1_1
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### Explore a bit
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1. Check for TLS on your `nginx` server.
|
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|
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$ curl -v https://localhost:5000
|
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* Rebuilt URL to: https://localhost:5000/
|
|
* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
|
|
* Trying 127.0.0.1...
|
|
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
|
|
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
|
|
* CAfile: none
|
|
CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
|
|
* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
|
|
* SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
|
|
* SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):
|
|
* SSLv3, TLS alert, Server hello (2):
|
|
* SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate
|
|
* Closing connection 0
|
|
curl: (60) SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate
|
|
More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
|
|
|
|
2. Tag the `v1` registry image.
|
|
|
|
$ docker tag registry:latest localhost:5000/registry_one:latest
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|
|
|
2. Push it to the localhost.
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|
|
|
$ docker push localhost:5000/registry_one:latest
|
|
|
|
If you are using the 1.6 Docker client, this pushes the image the `v2 `registry.
|
|
|
|
4. Use `curl` to list the image in the registry.
|
|
|
|
$ curl -v -X GET http://localhost:32777/v2/registry_one/tags/list
|
|
* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
|
|
* Trying 127.0.0.1...
|
|
* Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 32777 (#0)
|
|
> GET /v2/registry_one/tags/list HTTP/1.1
|
|
> User-Agent: curl/7.36.0
|
|
> Host: localhost:32777
|
|
> Accept: */*
|
|
>
|
|
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
|
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
|
|
< Docker-Distribution-Api-Version: registry/2.0
|
|
< Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2015 22:34:13 GMT
|
|
< Content-Length: 39
|
|
<
|
|
{"name":"registry1","tags":["latest"]}
|
|
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
|
|
|
|
This example refers to the specific port assigned to the 2.0 registry. You saw
|
|
this port earlier, when you used `docker ps` to show your running containers.
|
|
|