591 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
591 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
ini [](https://drone.io/github.com/go-ini/ini/latest) [](http://gocover.io/github.com/go-ini/ini)
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===
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Package ini provides INI file read and write functionality in Go.
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[简体中文](README_ZH.md)
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## Feature
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- Load multiple data sources(`[]byte` or file) with overwrites.
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- Read with recursion values.
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- Read with parent-child sections.
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- Read with auto-increment key names.
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- Read with multiple-line values.
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- Read with tons of helper methods.
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- Read and convert values to Go types.
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- Read and **WRITE** comments of sections and keys.
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- Manipulate sections, keys and comments with ease.
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- Keep sections and keys in order as you parse and save.
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## Installation
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To use a tagged revision:
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go get gopkg.in/ini.v1
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To use with latest changes:
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go get github.com/go-ini/ini
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### Testing
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If you want to test on your machine, please apply `-t` flag:
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go get -t gopkg.in/ini.v1
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## Getting Started
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### Loading from data sources
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A **Data Source** is either raw data in type `[]byte` or a file name with type `string` and you can load **as many as** data sources you want. Passing other types will simply return an error.
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```go
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cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte("raw data"), "filename")
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```
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Or start with an empty object:
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```go
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cfg := ini.Empty()
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```
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When you cannot decide how many data sources to load at the beginning, you still able to **Append()** them later.
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```go
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err := cfg.Append("other file", []byte("other raw data"))
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```
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### Working with sections
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To get a section, you would need to:
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```go
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section, err := cfg.GetSection("section name")
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```
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For a shortcut for default section, just give an empty string as name:
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```go
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section, err := cfg.GetSection("")
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```
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When you're pretty sure the section exists, following code could make your life easier:
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```go
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section := cfg.Section("")
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```
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What happens when the section somehow does not exist? Don't panic, it automatically creates and returns a new section to you.
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To create a new section:
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```go
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err := cfg.NewSection("new section")
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```
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To get a list of sections or section names:
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```go
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sections := cfg.Sections()
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names := cfg.SectionStrings()
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```
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### Working with keys
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To get a key under a section:
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```go
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key, err := cfg.Section("").GetKey("key name")
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```
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Same rule applies to key operations:
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```go
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key := cfg.Section("").Key("key name")
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```
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To check if a key exists:
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```go
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yes := cfg.Section("").HasKey("key name")
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```
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To create a new key:
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```go
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err := cfg.Section("").NewKey("name", "value")
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```
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To get a list of keys or key names:
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```go
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keys := cfg.Section("").Keys()
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names := cfg.Section("").KeyStrings()
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```
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To get a clone hash of keys and corresponding values:
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```go
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hash := cfg.GetSection("").KeysHash()
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```
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### Working with values
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To get a string value:
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```go
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val := cfg.Section("").Key("key name").String()
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```
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To validate key value on the fly:
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```go
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val := cfg.Section("").Key("key name").Validate(func(in string) string {
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if len(in) == 0 {
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return "default"
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}
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return in
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})
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```
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If you do not want any auto-transformation (such as recursive read) for the values, you can get raw value directly (this way you get much better performance):
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```go
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val := cfg.Section("").Key("key name").Value()
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```
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To check if raw value exists:
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```go
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yes := cfg.Section("").HasValue("test value")
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```
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To get value with types:
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```go
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// For boolean values:
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// true when value is: 1, t, T, TRUE, true, True, YES, yes, Yes, y, ON, on, On
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// false when value is: 0, f, F, FALSE, false, False, NO, no, No, n, OFF, off, Off
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("BOOL").Bool()
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").Float64()
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").Int()
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").Int64()
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").Uint()
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").Uint64()
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").TimeFormat(time.RFC3339)
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v, err = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").Time() // RFC3339
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("BOOL").MustBool()
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").MustFloat64()
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").MustInt()
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").MustInt64()
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").MustUint()
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").MustUint64()
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTimeFormat(time.RFC3339)
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTime() // RFC3339
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// Methods start with Must also accept one argument for default value
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// when key not found or fail to parse value to given type.
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// Except method MustString, which you have to pass a default value.
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("String").MustString("default")
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("BOOL").MustBool(true)
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").MustFloat64(1.25)
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").MustInt(10)
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").MustInt64(99)
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").MustUint(3)
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").MustUint64(6)
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTimeFormat(time.RFC3339, time.Now())
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").MustTime(time.Now()) // RFC3339
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```
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What if my value is three-line long?
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```ini
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[advance]
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ADDRESS = """404 road,
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NotFound, State, 5000
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Earth"""
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```
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Not a problem!
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```go
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cfg.Section("advance").Key("ADDRESS").String()
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/* --- start ---
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404 road,
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NotFound, State, 5000
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Earth
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------ end --- */
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```
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That's cool, how about continuation lines?
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```ini
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[advance]
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two_lines = how about \
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continuation lines?
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lots_of_lines = 1 \
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2 \
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3 \
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4
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```
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Piece of cake!
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```go
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cfg.Section("advance").Key("two_lines").String() // how about continuation lines?
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cfg.Section("advance").Key("lots_of_lines").String() // 1 2 3 4
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```
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Note that single quotes around values will be stripped:
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```ini
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foo = "some value" // foo: some value
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bar = 'some value' // bar: some value
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```
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That's all? Hmm, no.
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#### Helper methods of working with values
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To get value with given candidates:
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```go
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("STRING").In("default", []string{"str", "arr", "types"})
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").InFloat64(1.1, []float64{1.25, 2.5, 3.75})
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").InInt(5, []int{10, 20, 30})
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").InInt64(10, []int64{10, 20, 30})
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").InUint(4, []int{3, 6, 9})
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").InUint64(8, []int64{3, 6, 9})
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").InTimeFormat(time.RFC3339, time.Now(), []time.Time{time1, time2, time3})
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v = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").InTime(time.Now(), []time.Time{time1, time2, time3}) // RFC3339
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```
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Default value will be presented if value of key is not in candidates you given, and default value does not need be one of candidates.
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To validate value in a given range:
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```go
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64").RangeFloat64(0.0, 1.1, 2.2)
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT").RangeInt(0, 10, 20)
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64").RangeInt64(0, 10, 20)
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT").RangeUint(0, 3, 9)
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64").RangeUint64(0, 3, 9)
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").RangeTimeFormat(time.RFC3339, time.Now(), minTime, maxTime)
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIME").RangeTime(time.Now(), minTime, maxTime) // RFC3339
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```
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To auto-split value into slice:
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```go
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("STRINGS").Strings(",")
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("FLOAT64S").Float64s(",")
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INTS").Ints(",")
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("INT64S").Int64s(",")
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINTS").Uints(",")
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("UINT64S").Uint64s(",")
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vals = cfg.Section("").Key("TIMES").Times(",")
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```
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### Save your configuration
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Finally, it's time to save your configuration to somewhere.
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A typical way to save configuration is writing it to a file:
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```go
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// ...
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err = cfg.SaveTo("my.ini")
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err = cfg.SaveToIndent("my.ini", "\t")
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```
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Another way to save is writing to a `io.Writer` interface:
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```go
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// ...
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cfg.WriteTo(writer)
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cfg.WriteToIndent(writer, "\t")
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```
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## Advanced Usage
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### Recursive Values
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For all value of keys, there is a special syntax `%(<name>)s`, where `<name>` is the key name in same section or default section, and `%(<name>)s` will be replaced by corresponding value(empty string if key not found). You can use this syntax at most 99 level of recursions.
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```ini
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NAME = ini
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[author]
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NAME = Unknwon
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GITHUB = https://github.com/%(NAME)s
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[package]
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FULL_NAME = github.com/go-ini/%(NAME)s
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```
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```go
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cfg.Section("author").Key("GITHUB").String() // https://github.com/Unknwon
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cfg.Section("package").Key("FULL_NAME").String() // github.com/go-ini/ini
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```
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### Parent-child Sections
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You can use `.` in section name to indicate parent-child relationship between two or more sections. If the key not found in the child section, library will try again on its parent section until there is no parent section.
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```ini
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NAME = ini
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VERSION = v1
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IMPORT_PATH = gopkg.in/%(NAME)s.%(VERSION)s
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[package]
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CLONE_URL = https://%(IMPORT_PATH)s
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[package.sub]
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```
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```go
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cfg.Section("package.sub").Key("CLONE_URL").String() // https://gopkg.in/ini.v1
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```
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### Auto-increment Key Names
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If key name is `-` in data source, then it would be seen as special syntax for auto-increment key name start from 1, and every section is independent on counter.
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```ini
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[features]
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-: Support read/write comments of keys and sections
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-: Support auto-increment of key names
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-: Support load multiple files to overwrite key values
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```
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```go
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cfg.Section("features").KeyStrings() // []{"#1", "#2", "#3"}
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```
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### Map To Struct
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Want more objective way to play with INI? Cool.
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```ini
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Name = Unknwon
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age = 21
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Male = true
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Born = 1993-01-01T20:17:05Z
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[Note]
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Content = Hi is a good man!
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Cities = HangZhou, Boston
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```
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```go
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type Note struct {
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Content string
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Cities []string
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}
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type Person struct {
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Name string
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Age int `ini:"age"`
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Male bool
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Born time.Time
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Note
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Created time.Time `ini:"-"`
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}
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func main() {
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cfg, err := ini.Load("path/to/ini")
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// ...
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p := new(Person)
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err = cfg.MapTo(p)
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// ...
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// Things can be simpler.
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err = ini.MapTo(p, "path/to/ini")
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// ...
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// Just map a section? Fine.
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n := new(Note)
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err = cfg.Section("Note").MapTo(n)
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// ...
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}
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```
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Can I have default value for field? Absolutely.
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Assign it before you map to struct. It will keep the value as it is if the key is not presented or got wrong type.
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```go
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// ...
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p := &Person{
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Name: "Joe",
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}
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// ...
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```
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It's really cool, but what's the point if you can't give me my file back from struct?
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### Reflect From Struct
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Why not?
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```go
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type Embeded struct {
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Dates []time.Time `delim:"|"`
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Places []string
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None []int
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}
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type Author struct {
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Name string `ini:"NAME"`
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Male bool
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Age int
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GPA float64
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NeverMind string `ini:"-"`
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*Embeded
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}
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func main() {
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a := &Author{"Unknwon", true, 21, 2.8, "",
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&Embeded{
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[]time.Time{time.Now(), time.Now()},
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[]string{"HangZhou", "Boston"},
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[]int{},
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}}
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cfg := ini.Empty()
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err = ini.ReflectFrom(cfg, a)
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// ...
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}
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```
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So, what do I get?
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```ini
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NAME = Unknwon
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Male = true
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Age = 21
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GPA = 2.8
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[Embeded]
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Dates = 2015-08-07T22:14:22+08:00|2015-08-07T22:14:22+08:00
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Places = HangZhou,Boston
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None =
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```
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#### Name Mapper
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To save your time and make your code cleaner, this library supports [`NameMapper`](https://gowalker.org/gopkg.in/ini.v1#NameMapper) between struct field and actual section and key name.
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There are 2 built-in name mappers:
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- `AllCapsUnderscore`: it converts to format `ALL_CAPS_UNDERSCORE` then match section or key.
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- `TitleUnderscore`: it converts to format `title_underscore` then match section or key.
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To use them:
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```go
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type Info struct {
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PackageName string
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}
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func main() {
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err = ini.MapToWithMapper(&Info{}, ini.TitleUnderscore, []byte("package_name=ini"))
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// ...
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cfg, err := ini.Load([]byte("PACKAGE_NAME=ini"))
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// ...
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info := new(Info)
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cfg.NameMapper = ini.AllCapsUnderscore
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err = cfg.MapTo(info)
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// ...
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}
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```
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Same rules of name mapper apply to `ini.ReflectFromWithMapper` function.
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#### Other Notes On Map/Reflect
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Any embedded struct is treated as a section by default, and there is no automatic parent-child relations in map/reflect feature:
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```go
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type Child struct {
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Age string
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}
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type Parent struct {
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Name string
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Child
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}
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type Config struct {
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City string
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Parent
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}
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```
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Example configuration:
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```ini
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City = Boston
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[Parent]
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Name = Unknwon
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[Child]
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Age = 21
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```
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What if, yes, I'm paranoid, I want embedded struct to be in the same section. Well, all roads lead to Rome.
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```go
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type Child struct {
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Age string
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}
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type Parent struct {
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Name string
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Child `ini:"Parent"`
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}
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type Config struct {
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City string
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Parent
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}
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```
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Example configuration:
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```ini
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City = Boston
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[Parent]
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Name = Unknwon
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Age = 21
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```
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## Getting Help
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- [API Documentation](https://gowalker.org/gopkg.in/ini.v1)
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- [File An Issue](https://github.com/go-ini/ini/issues/new)
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## FAQs
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### What does `BlockMode` field do?
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By default, library lets you read and write values so we need a locker to make sure your data is safe. But in cases that you are very sure about only reading data through the library, you can set `cfg.BlockMode = false` to speed up read operations about **50-70%** faster.
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### Why another INI library?
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Many people are using my another INI library [goconfig](https://github.com/Unknwon/goconfig), so the reason for this one is I would like to make more Go style code. Also when you set `cfg.BlockMode = false`, this one is about **10-30%** faster.
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To make those changes I have to confirm API broken, so it's safer to keep it in another place and start using `gopkg.in` to version my package at this time.(PS: shorter import path)
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## License
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This project is under Apache v2 License. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for the full license text.
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